在中国浩瀚的历史长河中，古钱币犹如一颗颗璀璨的星辰，不仅承载着经济的流通功能，更蕴含着丰富的历史文化信息，是研究古代社会、经济、文化的重要实物资料。清代康熙年间所铸的“康熙通宝”，以其规整的形制、精湛的工艺和深厚的文化底蕴，成为古钱币收藏领域的经典之作。本文将为您详细介绍两枚直径28mm、厚度1.2mm的康熙通宝精品——背满汉文“宁”与背满汉文“河”，带您领略这两枚古钱币的独特魅力与收藏价值。
一、历史溯源：盛世铸币，见证辉煌
康熙通宝铸于清圣祖康熙年间（1662 – 1722年），这一时期正值“康乾盛世”的开端，国家统一，政治稳定，经济繁荣，文化昌盛。为了规范货币制度，促进经济交流与发展，清政府在康熙元年下令停铸前朝“顺治通宝”，改铸“康熙通宝”，并确立了“嗣位改元、钱制如例”的祖制。
康熙通宝的铸行，采用了全国统一的标准形制，但各铸钱局在钱币背面标注了不同的局名，以区分铸造来源。全国共设24处铸钱局，以满汉双文记局名，形成了独特的“套子钱”体系。这种设计不仅体现了清政府对货币管理的精细与规范，也反映了当时多民族国家统一、文化融合的历史背景。
其中，背“宁”代表江宁府（今江苏南京），江宁作为江南地区的政治、经济、文化中心，商业繁荣，贸易发达，对货币的需求量极大。江宁府铸钱局凭借其先进的铸币技术和充足的铜料供应，所铸康熙通宝以铜质精良、工艺精湛而闻名。背“河”则代表河南府（今河南洛阳），洛阳地处中原腹地，是古代丝绸之路的东方起点之一，交通枢纽地位显著。河南府铸钱局所铸钱币流通范围广泛，对中原地区的经济发展起到了重要的推动作用。
二、钱币品鉴：形制规整，工艺精湛
（一）康熙通宝背“宁”：江南风韵，铸币典范
形制特征：此枚康熙通宝背“宁”钱币，直径28mm，厚度1.2mm，符合清代小平钱的标准规制。钱体呈圆形方孔状，这是中国古代货币的典型形制，寓意“天圆地方”，体现了古人对宇宙的认知和哲学思想。面文“康熙通宝”四字端庄大气，采用康熙帝御书楷体，笔画刚劲有力，结构严谨对称，展现出皇家钱币的威严与庄重。背文穿左为满文“ᠨᡳᠩ（ning）”，穿右为汉文“宁”，满汉对照，既体现了清政府对满族文化的传承，又彰显了对汉族文化的尊重与融合。
工艺亮点：江宁府作为清代重要的铸币基地，其铸币工艺代表了当时的最高水平。此枚背“宁”钱币铜质精纯，呈金黄色，表面光滑细腻，包浆自然温润，历经数百年的岁月洗礼，仍散发着迷人的光泽。钱币的文字雕刻深峻清晰，笔画流畅自然，无丝毫拖泥带水之感，体现了工匠们高超的技艺和严谨的态度。地章平整光滑，穿口规整利落，彰显出清代铸币工艺的成熟与规范。
（二）康熙通宝背“河”：中原古韵，文化传承
形制特征：与背“宁”钱币一样，这枚康熙通宝背“河”同样直径28mm，厚度1.2mm。面文风格与背“宁”一致，均为康熙帝御书楷体，端庄秀丽，气势不凡。背文穿左为满文“ᡥᡝ（he）”，穿右为汉文“河”，满汉双文的设计，体现了清代多民族文化的交流与融合。
工艺亮点：河南府铸币在工艺上也有其独特之处。此枚背“河”钱币铜质略带赤色，这是由于中原地区铜矿成分的特殊性所致。钱币的地章同样平整光滑，但相较于背“宁”，其文字雕刻稍显圆润，笔画粗细均匀，给人一种古朴典雅的感觉。穿口经过精心修整，边缘光滑整齐，无明显的毛刺和瑕疵，体现了工匠们对细节的关注和追求。
三、收藏价值：历史、艺术与市场的三重认可
（一）历史价值：见证清代盛世与文化融合
康熙通宝作为清代康熙年间的法定货币，是研究清代经济、政治、文化的重要实物资料。背“宁”和背“河”钱币分别代表了江南地区和中原地区的铸币特色，反映了当时不同地区的经济发展水平和文化风貌。通过研究这两枚钱币，我们可以了解到清代货币制度的演变、铸币工艺的发展以及多民族文化的交流与融合，具有极高的历史研究价值。
（二）艺术价值：方寸之间的书法与雕刻艺术
康熙通宝的面文采用康熙帝御书楷体，具有极高的书法艺术价值。康熙帝的书法刚劲有力，气势磅礴，其御书钱文不仅体现了皇家的威严与庄重，也为中国书法艺术在货币领域的传承与发展做出了重要贡献。同时，钱币背面的满汉双文设计，以及精美的文字雕刻和规整的钱币形制，都展现了清代工匠们高超的雕刻技艺和审美水平，是古代艺术与工艺完美结合的典范。
（三）市场价值：潜力巨大，备受藏家青睐
近年来，随着古钱币收藏市场的不断升温，康熙通宝的价格也呈现出稳步上升的趋势,根据市场行情分析，这两枚康熙通宝背“宁”和背“河”钱币，由于其直径和厚度符合标准规制，且品相精美，具有较大的升值潜力，是古钱币收藏爱好者不可多得的佳品。
四、收藏建议：品相为王，文化为魂
对于想要收藏这两枚康熙通宝背“宁”和背“河”钱币的藏家来说，以下几点建议可供参考：
注重品相：品相是决定古钱币收藏价值的关键因素之一。在选择钱币时，应优先挑选文字清晰、无裂纹、无修补、包浆自然的钱币。像本文所介绍的两枚钱币，其保存状态已达收藏级标准，具有较高的观赏和收藏价值。
了解版别：康熙通宝的版别繁多，不同版别的钱币在市场价格上存在较大差异。藏家可以通过学习相关的钱币知识，了解不同版别的特征和区别，以便在收藏过程中做出准确的选择。
重视文化内涵：收藏古钱币不仅是为了获取经济利益，更重要的是传承和弘扬历史文化。藏家应深入了解康熙通宝背后的历史故事、文化背景和艺术价值，通过收藏钱币来感受古代社会的风貌和文化的魅力。
这两枚康熙通宝背“宁”和背“河”钱币，以其精美的形制、精湛的工艺、深厚的历史文化内涵和巨大的收藏价值，成为了古钱币收藏领域的璀璨明珠。它们不仅是清代盛世的物质见证，更是中华民族悠久历史和灿烂文化的生动体现。愿每一位藏家都能珍视这份穿越三百年的历史馈赠，让古钱币的光芒在新时代继续闪耀。
Kangxi Tongbao Beining and Beihe: A prosperous era hidden within every inch, with ancient charm passed down for thousands of years
In the vast history of China, ancient coins are like brilliant stars, not only carrying the function of economic circulation, but also containing rich historical and cultural information. They are important physical materials for studying ancient society, economy, and culture. The "Kangxi Tongbao" minted during the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty became a classic in the field of ancient coin collection due to its regular shape, exquisite craftsmanship, and profound cultural heritage. This article will introduce in detail two exquisite Kangxi Tongbao coins with a diameter of 28mm and a thickness of 1.2mm – one with the Chinese characters "Ning" on the back and the other with the Chinese characters "River" on the back, taking you to appreciate the unique charm and collectible value of these two ancient coins.
1、 Historical Tracing: Coinage in Prosperous Times, Witnessing Brilliance
Kangxi Tongbao was cast during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1662-1722), which coincided with the beginning of the "Kangxi Qianlong era", characterized by national unity, political stability, economic prosperity, and cultural flourishing. In order to standardize the monetary system and promote economic exchange and development, the Qing government ordered the cessation of the casting of the "Shunzhi Tongbao" from the previous dynasty in the first year of Kangxi, and instead cast the "Kangxi Tongbao", establishing the ancestral system of "changing the succession to the yuan and following the example of the money system".
The minting of Kangxi Tongbao adopted a nationally unified standard shape, but each minting bureau marked different bureau names on the back of the coins to distinguish the source of minting. There are a total of 24 coin minting bureaus across the country, named after the Manchu and Han dual cultural record bureaus, forming a unique "nested coin" system. This design not only reflects the Qing government's fine and standardized management of currency, but also reflects the historical background of the unity and cultural integration of multi-ethnic countries at that time.
Among them, "Ning" represents Jiangning Prefecture (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). As the political, economic, and cultural center of the Jiangnan region, Jiangning is prosperous in commerce and trade, with a great demand for currency. The Jiangning Mint Bureau, with its advanced coinage technology and sufficient supply of copper materials, is renowned for producing Kangxi Tongbao with excellent copper quality and exquisite craftsmanship. The back "river" represents Henan Prefecture (now Luoyang, Henan), which is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains and was one of the eastern starting points of the ancient Silk Road, with a significant transportation hub position. The coins minted by the Henan Mint have a wide circulation range and have played an important role in promoting the economic development of the Central Plains region.
2、 Coin Tasting: Regular Shape and Exquisite Craftsmanship
（1） Kangxi Tongbao Bei "Ning": Jiangnan style, a model for coinage
Structural features: This Kangxi Tongbao coin with a back of "Ning" has a diameter of 28mm and a thickness of 1.2mm, which meets the standard regulations of Qing Dynasty small flat coins. The body of the coin is in the shape of a circular square hole, which is a typical form of ancient Chinese currency, symbolizing "the sky is round and the earth is square", reflecting the ancient people's understanding and philosophical thinking of the universe. The four characters "Kangxi Tongbao" in the face script are dignified and elegant, using the Kangxi Emperor's official script and regular script. The strokes are strong and powerful, and the structure is rigorous and symmetrical, showcasing the majesty and solemnity of royal coins. The reverse text on the left reads "ᠨᡳᠩ (ning)" in Manchu, and on the right reads "Ning" in Chinese. The contrast between Manchu and Han reflects both the Qing government's inheritance of Manchu culture and its respect and integration with Han culture.
Craftsmanship Highlights: Jiangning Prefecture, as an important coinage base in the Qing Dynasty, represented the highest level of coinage craftsmanship at that time. This coin with the back "Ning" is made of pure copper, with a golden yellow color and a smooth and delicate surface. The patina is naturally warm and moist, and after hundreds of years of baptism, it still emits a charming luster. The inscriptions on the coins are deep and clear, with smooth and natural strokes, without any dragging or dragging feeling, reflecting the superb skills and rigorous attitude of the craftsmen. The ground seal is flat and smooth, with neat and neat perforations, demonstrating the maturity and standardization of the coinage technology in the Qing Dynasty.
（2） Kangxi Tongbao Bei "River": Ancient Charm of Central Plains, Cultural Inheritance
Shape and Characteristics: Similar to the "Ning" coin on the back, this Kangxi Tongbao coin has a diameter of 28mm and a thickness of 1.2mm on the back of the "River". The style of the inscription on the face is consistent with the "Ning" coin on the back, both in regular script by Emperor Kangxi, with a dignified and beautiful appearance and extraordinary momentum. The design of the Manchu Han dual script, with the Manchu character "ᡥᡝ (he)" on the left and the Chinese character "River" on the right, reflects the exchange and integration of multi-ethnic cultures in the Qing Dynasty.
Craftsmanship Highlights: Henan Prefecture's coinage also has its unique craftsmanship. This coin with the back of the river has a slightly reddish copper color, which is due to the unique composition of copper deposits in the Central Plains region. The ground seal of the coin is also smooth and flat, but compared to the back "Ning", the text carving is slightly rounded, and the strokes are evenly thick and thin, giving people a sense of antiquity and elegance. The perforation has been carefully trimmed, with smooth and neat edges, no obvious burrs or defects, reflecting the craftsmen's attention to detail and pursuit.
3、 Collection value: triple recognition of history, art, and market
（1） Historical Value: Witnessing the Flourishing Age of the Qing Dynasty and Cultural Integration
Kangxi Tongbao, as the legal currency during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, is an important material for studying the economy, politics, and culture of the Qing Dynasty. The coins with "Ning" and "River" on their backs represent the characteristics of coinage in the Jiangnan and Central Plains regions, respectively, reflecting the economic development level and cultural style of different regions at that time. By studying these two coins, we can understand the evolution of the Qing Dynasty's monetary system, the development of coinage techniques, and the exchange and integration of multi-ethnic cultures, which have high historical research value.
（2） Artistic Value: Calligraphy and Carving Art between Square Inches
The face script of Kangxi Tongbao adopts the Kangxi Emperor's imperial regular script, which has extremely high artistic value in calligraphy. Emperor Kangxi's calligraphy was powerful and majestic, and his imperial inscriptions not only reflected the royal majesty and solemnity, but also made important contributions to the inheritance and development of Chinese calligraphy art in the field of currency. At the same time, the design of Manchu and Han dual characters on the back of the coins, as well as the exquisite carving of characters and the neat shape of the coins, all demonstrate the superb carving skills and aesthetic level of Qing Dynasty craftsmen, and are a perfect example of the perfect combination of ancient art and craftsmanship.
（3） Market value: huge potential, highly favored by collectors
In recent years, with the continuous heating up of the ancient coin collection market, the price of Kangxi Tongbao has also shown a steady upward trend. According to market analysis, these two Kangxi Tongbao coins with "Ning" and "He" backs, due to their diameter and thickness meeting standard regulations, as well as their exquisite appearance, have great appreciation potential and are rare treasures for ancient coin collectors.
4、 Collection suggestion: Appearance is king, culture is soul
For collectors who want to collect these two Kangxi Tongbao coins with "Ning" and "River" backs, the following suggestions are for reference:
Pay attention to appearance: Appearance is one of the key factors determining the collection value of ancient coins. When selecting coins, priority should be given to those with clear text, no cracks, no repairs, and natural patina. The two coins introduced in this article have reached the level of collectible preservation and have high ornamental and collectible value.
Understand the editions: Kangxi Tongbao has a wide variety of editions, and there are significant differences in market prices for different editions of coins. Collectors can learn about relevant coin knowledge, understand the characteristics and differences of different editions, in order to make accurate choices during the collection process.
Pay attention to cultural connotations: Collecting ancient coins is not only for economic benefits, but more importantly, to inherit and promote historical culture. Collectors should have a deep understanding of the historical stories, cultural background, and artistic value behind Kangxi Tongbao, and feel the charm of ancient society and culture through collecting coins.
These two Kangxi Tongbao coins with "Ning" and "River" backs have become shining pearls in the field of ancient coin collection due to their exquisite shape, exquisite craftsmanship, profound historical and cultural connotations, and enormous collection value. They are not only material witnesses of the prosperous era of the Qing Dynasty, but also vivid manifestations of the long history and splendid culture of the Chinese nation. May every collector cherish this historical gift that spans three hundred years, and let the brilliance of ancient coins continue to shine in the new era.
