一、历史背景与核心价值
1934年1月22日至2月1日，中华苏维埃共 和国第二次全国苏维埃代表大会（简称“二苏大”）在江西瑞金沙洲坝召开。此次大会是中国共产党在革命根据地建设的最高权力机构会议，标志着苏维埃政权民主化、制度化的重要里程碑。主席团徽章作为大会核心成员的专属标识，由临时中央政府统一设计制作，仅授予主席团成员佩戴，象征着无产阶级政权的权威与革命者的崇高荣誉。其现存实物极少，是国家一级文物，被视为研究苏区历史、红色政权建设的“活化石”。
二、徽章规格与官方实物特征
尺寸与材质：
直径71mm：与官方档案记载及现存实物完全一致，符合革命时期徽章的标准化制作要求。
材质红铜：选用当时稀缺的金属资源，体现政权对大会的重视。红铜经手工锻造、冲压成型，表面保留自然氧化痕迹，呈现古朴厚重的历史质感。
设计细节：
正面图案：以五角星为核心，星内嵌地球与交叉的镰刀、斧头，象征工农联盟统治全球；星外环绕饱满的谷穗，寓意农业为基础的政权根基。
文字标识：五角星下方刻“主席团”三字，边缘环绕“中华苏维埃共和国第二次全国苏维埃代表大会”20字，呈圆弧形排列，字体为繁体楷书，刚劲有力。
背面特征：无复杂纹饰，仅保留金属原始质感，部分实物可见手工打磨痕迹，彰显革命时期“实用至上”的设计理念。
工艺特点：
手工冲压：受限于当时技术条件，徽章采用手工模具冲压，边缘略显粗糙，但图案层次分明，立体感强。
鎏金处理：五角星及文字部分经少量鎏金，虽因年代久远部分脱落，但仍可窥见其初始的庄重与华丽。
三、收藏价值与稀缺性
历史唯一性：二苏大主席团徽章现存实物不足5枚，均藏于国家级博物馆（如瑞金中央革命根据地纪念馆、中国国家博物馆）。其流传有序，多由革命先辈家属捐赠或战火中保存，每一枚背后都有动人的历史故事。
政治象征意义：作为苏维埃政权最高会议的标识，徽章见证了中国共产党从局部执政向全国执政过渡的关键历程，是研究中国现代政治制度起源的重要物证。
市场稀缺性：近年来，红色收藏市场持续升温，但二苏大相关文物因存世量极少，鲜少现身拍卖会。官方徽章的估价已超数百万元，且呈逐年递增趋势。
四、结语
中国苏维埃共和国第二次全国苏维埃代表大会主席团徽章，是革命先辈用鲜血与信仰铸就的历史丰碑。其直径71mm的红铜身躯，承载着工农联盟的壮志豪情，见证了苏维埃政权的辉煌与沧桑。真正的收藏，是对历史的敬畏与传承。 愿每一位藏家都能以严谨的态度，守护这份红色记忆，让革命精神在新时代焕发新的光芒。
1、 Historical background and core values
The Second National Soviet Congress of the Chinese Soviet Republic (referred to as the "Second Soviet Congress") was held in Shazhouba, Ruijin, Jiangxi from January 22 to February 1, 1934. This conference is the highest authority meeting of the CPC in the construction of revolutionary bases, marking an important milestone in the democratization and institutionalization of the Soviet regime.
The emblem of the Presidium, as the exclusive symbol of the core members of the conference, was designed and produced by the interim central government and is only awarded to members of the Presidium to wear, symbolizing the authority of the proletarian regime and the noble honor of revolutionaries. It has very few existing physical objects and is a national first-class cultural relic, regarded as a "living fossil" for studying the history of the Soviet area and the construction of the red regime.
2、 Badge specifications and official physical features
1. Size and Material:
1. Diameter 71mm: completely consistent with official records and existing physical obje
2. Design details:
3. Process characteristics:
1. Manual stamping: Due to the technological limitations at the time, the badge was stamped using manual molds, with slightly rough edges but distinct patterns and strong three-dimensional effects.
2. Gilding treatment: The pentagram and text parts have undergone a small amount of gilding. Although some parts have fallen off due to their age, their initial solemnity and splendor can still be seen.
3、 Collection value and scarcity
Historical uniqueness:
There are less than 5 existing physical badges of the Presidium of the Second Soviet Union, all of which are stored in national museums such as the Ruijin Central Revolutionary Base Memorial Hall and the National Museum of China. Its circulation is orderly, often donated by the families of revolutionary predecessors or preserved during the war, and each one has a touching historical story behind it.
Political symbolic significance:
As the symbol of the highest meeting of the Soviet regime, the badge witnessed the key process of the CPC's transition from partial governance to national governance, and is an important material evidence for studying the origin of China's modern political system.
Market scarcity:
In recent years, the red collection market has continued to heat up, but the cultural relics related to Ersu University rarely appear at auctions due to their extremely small number in existence. The estimated value of official badges has exceeded several million yuan and is increasing year by year.
4、 Conclusion
The emblem of the Presidium of the Second National Soviet Congress of the Chinese Soviet Republic is a historical monument forged with the blood and faith of revolutionary predecessors. Its red copper body with a diameter of 71mm carries the ambitious spirit of the Workers' and Peasants' Alliance, witnessing the glory and vicissitudes of the Soviet regime.
True collection is the reverence and inheritance of history. May every collector guard this red memory with a rigorous attitude, and let the revolutionary spirit shine with new light in the new era.
